Do GLP-1s cause muscle loss?

GLP-1 medications can help manage blood sugar levels and support weight loss. However, some people may worry about muscle loss while using these medications.

This article explains the risk, who is most affected, and how to protect muscle health during GLP-1 treatment.

Research suggests that about 60% of weight loss comes from fat, while an estimated 25% to 40% comes from lean muscle mass in people taking GLP-1 medications. Reasons why some people may lose more lean mass than others include:

Although lean body mass (including muscle) also decreases to a lesser degree, the result is still a more favorable overall body composition.

Any significant weight loss (from dietary changes, medication, or surgery) can lead to a loss of both muscle and fat. This is not unique to using or taking GLP-1 medications.

Factors, including being in a calorie deficit, lower protein intake, and less physical activity, can all contribute to muscle loss.

Additionally, GLP-1 medications may reduce appetite, making it harder to get enough protein unless you plan for or prioritize it.

Eating adequate protein and incorporating resistance training into your exercise routine are two crucial ways to protect and build muscle tissue while taking GLP-1s.

Adequate protein is essential for preserving muscle during weight loss. Typical recommendations range from 1.2 to 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight (g/kg) daily, but individual needs may vary based on age, kidney health, and other factors. Keep in mind that 1 kg equals about 2.2 pounds (lb).

For example, if your body weight is 200 pounds, divide 200 by 2.2 to get approximately 91 kg. Then multiply 91 by 1.2 and 1.6 to get a protein range of approximately 109-146 g.

To stay on track with your protein needs, plan your meals and snacks to include protein-rich foods like lean meats, Greek yogurt, and eggs.

Resistance (strength) training is the most effective way to maintain or build muscle mass, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.

If you have concerns about GLP-1 medications and muscle loss, talk with your healthcare professional. An individualized treatment plan can help balance weight loss and muscle preservation. Your doctor may recommend a referral to a dietitian or physical therapist, if needed.

GLP-1 medications are effective for weight loss, with most of the weight loss coming from fat. However, some muscle loss can happen.

By combining GLP-1s with adequate protein intake and resistance training, you can help protect muscle health. Talk with your healthcare professional to make the safest and most effective plan for you.