PTSD and divorce: Prevalence and support resources
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that individuals may develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event that is emotionally or physically harmful or poses a threat to their life.
Even if a person does not meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, divorce can be a traumatic event that causes similar symptoms. Only a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat someone for PTSD and other potential mental health concerns.
A 2018 case study describes divorce as one of the most traumatic events a person can experience.
While divorce and relationship breakups may not pose a threat to life, some researchers refer to these events as “small-t traumas” and suggest they can cause symptoms associated with PTSD, such as recurrent negative thoughts and avoidance behaviors.
A more recent 2023 study highlights significant associations between a breakup with a romantic partner and post-traumatic stress symptoms. These symptoms may be similar to those of PTSD.
A 2018 review suggests these symptoms could indicate a condition called post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). PTSS has similar symptoms to PTSD, but they occur within a month of experiencing a traumatic event. PTSS can be a precursor to PTSD.
Research on PTSD after divorce is limited. One older
An older
However, the researchers highlight the challenges of finding a link between PTSD and divorce, since PTSD can take variable lengths of time to develop.
The dissolution of a romantic relationship can trigger PTSD symptoms. However, these may not meet the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5).
Research also highlights links between intimate partner violence and PTSD, suggesting a person may be more likely to experience PTSD following divorce if the relationship was abusive.
If you or someone you know is in immediate danger of domestic violence, call 911 or otherwise seek emergency help. Anyone who needs advice or support can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline 24/7 via:
Many other resources are available, including helplines, in-person support, and temporary housing. People can find local resources and others classified by demographics, such as support specifically for People of Color, here:
PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that
The symptoms of PTSD must also continue for more than a month, cause significant distress or functional impairment, and not be due to medication, substance use, or illness.
Anyone experiencing mental health difficulties following a divorce can speak with a healthcare professional to understand what resources and help are available. In some cases, a doctor may be able to provide treatment.
The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) advises people to see a doctor if they continue to experience PTSD symptoms 4 weeks after a traumatic experience, or if the symptoms significantly interfere with their daily functioning.
A doctor can refer a person to a mental health specialist for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The following organizations may be able to help people experiencing mental health difficulties following a divorce:
People can develop PTSD after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic life event, or a series of traumatic life events that pose a threat to their life or safety. Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance of reminders associated with the traumatic event.
Divorce can be a traumatic life event. For some people, it may cause symptoms associated with PTSD, even if someone does not fit the criteria for an official diagnosis.
People can speak with a doctor for treatment and support if they experience PTSD symptoms that significantly affect their daily functioning after a divorce. A healthcare professional can also direct someone to support resources.